鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系盐下天然气成藏特征及勘探方向

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2021.06.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 鄂尔多斯盆地中东部地区奥陶系马家沟组发育巨厚的盐岩、膏岩沉积，封盖性能好，膏盐岩之下的碳酸盐岩一直是备受关注的重要勘探领域。在对区域构造沉积背景及沉积相带分布研究的基础上，以马家沟组马五段膏盐岩盖层之下的马四段碳酸盐岩为目标，主要开展了储层及成藏特征研究。研究认为：马四段白云岩分布主要受控于古隆起控制下的台内分异作用，发育滩相晶间孔型白云岩储层，马三段等层段的溶孔型白云岩储层也具有较好的储集性能；加里东期的风化剥蚀作用造成马四段白云岩与上古生界煤系烃源岩、奥陶系盐下海相烃源岩形成了空间配置关系，天然气成藏具有双源供烃的特点，形成岩性相变控制下的白云岩岩性气藏。在对不同区域生储盖配置关系及成藏控制因素的差异性对比的基础上，综合分析认为盆地东部盐下马四段盐岩底辟隆起带和中部乌审旗古隆起控制下的岩性相变带是盐下勘探的有利目标，深层的马三段、马二段也具有较好的勘探潜力。

关键词: 鄂尔多斯盆地, 奥陶系, 盐下, 天然气, 马家沟组, 勘探方向, 白云岩储层

Abstract: The large-scale salt and gypsum rocks are deposited of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in central and eastern Ordos Basin, with great thickness and superior sealing capacity. The underlying carbonates have always been a major field for natural gas exploration. Based on the analysis of regional tectonic sedimentary settings and sedimentary facies distribution, the characteristics of carbonate reservoir and gas accumulation of the target layer - the 4th member of Majiagou Formation (Ma 4 member) are studied, which is underlaid by subsalt caprock of the 5th member of Majiagou Formation (Ma 5 member). The results show that, controlled by the intra-platform sedimentary differentiation in the paleo uplift, the intercrystal pore type dolomite reservoir of beach facies is developed of Ma 4 member. In addition, the dissolution pore type dolomite reservoir of the 3rd member of Majiagou Formation (Ma 3 member) also has good reservoir performance. The weathering and denudation during the Caledonian resulted in a good spatial configuration between the dolomite reservoir of Ma 4 member and the source rocks of coal series in the Upper Paleozoic and marine source rocks of the Ordovician subsalt. Therefore, the gas reservoir has the characteristics of dual-source hydrocarbon supply and lithologic gas reservoir controlled by lithologic facies change. The detailed analysis of source rock – reservoir – caprock assemblages and the comparison of controlling factors for gas accumulation in different regions indicate that the salt diapir uplift zone of Ma 4 member of the Ordovician subsalt in the eastern basin and the lithologic facies change zone controlled by Wushenqi paleo uplift in the central basin are favorable targets for gas exploration. In addition,Ma 3 member and the 2nd member of Majiagou Formation (Ma 2 member) in deep formation also have promising prospects.

中图分类号:

TE112.3

任军峰, 刘新社, 喻建, 魏柳斌, 王前平. 鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系盐下天然气成藏特征及勘探方向[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2021, 26(6): 125-140.

Ren Junfeng, Liu Xinshe, Yu Jian, Wei Liubin, Wang Qianping. Characteristics of natural gas accumulation and exploration target of the Ordovician subsalt in the central and eastern Ordos Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021, 26(6): 125-140.

参考文献

[1] 马永生，梅冥相．碳酸盐岩储层沉积学[M]. 北京：地质出版社， 1999. Ma Yongsheng，Mei Mingxiang. Sedimentology of carbonate reservoirs[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1999.
[2] 金之钧，王骏，张生根，等．滨里海盆地盐下油气成藏主控因素及勘探方向[J]. 石油实验地质，2007,29(2):111-115. Jin Zhijun, Wang Jun, Zhang Shenggen, et al .Main factors controlling hydrocarbon reservoirs and exploration directions in the pre-salt sequence in Precaspian Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2007,29(2):111-115.
[3] 刘子玉，张树林，吕明．南大西洋盆地深水区盐下地质特征差异性对比[J]. 中国石油勘探，2014,19(6):66-73. Liu Ziyu, Zhang Shulin, Lv Ming. Analysis of pre-salt geological characteristics of deepwater basins in south Atlantic Ocean[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2014,19(6):66-73.
[4] 刘深艳，胡孝林，李进波．巴西桑托斯盆地盐下大发现及其勘探意义[J]. 中国石油勘探，2011,16(4):74-81. Liu Shenyan, Hu Xiaolin, Li Jinbo. Great discovery and its significance for exploration in subsalt reservoir of Santos Basin, Brazil[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2011,16(4):74-81.
[5] 黄兴文．加蓬盆地盐下油气成藏特征与勘探潜力分析[J]. 长江大学学报（自科版），2015,12(17):1-7. Huang Xingwen. Subsalt hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics and exploration potential of Gabon Basin[J]. Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition), 2015,12(17):1-7.
[6] 彭纪超，张渝，张学庆，等．世界含盐盆地盐下油气勘探历史与展望[J]. 中国矿业，2014,23( 增刊2):114-117. Peng Jichao, Zhang Yu, Zhang Xueqing, et al . History and prospect of presalt oil-gas exploration in the salt basin of the world[J]. China Mining Magazine, 2014,23(S2):114-117.
[7] Guan Shuwei, Zhang Chunyu, Ren Rong, et al . Early Cambrian syndepositional structure of the northern Tarim Basin and a discussion of Cambrian subsalt and deep exploration[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2019,46(6):1141-1152.
[8] 张忠民，朱奕璇，张德民，等．巴西大坎波斯盆地盐下碳酸盐岩油气成藏规律与勘探启示[J]. 中国石油勘探，2020,25(4):75-85. Zhang Zhongmin, Zhu Yixuan, Zhang Demin, et al . Hydrocarbon accumulation rules and inspiration for the exploration of sub-salt carbonate reservoirs in the Great Campos Basin, Brazil[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020, 25(4):75-85.
[9] 杜金虎，田军，李国欣，等．库车坳陷秋里塔格构造带的战略突破与前景展望[J]. 中国石油勘探，2019,24(1):16-23. Du Jinhu, Tian Jun, Li Guoxin, et al . Strategic breakthrough and prospect of Qiulitag structural belt in Kuqa Depression[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019,24(1):16-23.
[10] 刘小兵，边海光，汪永华，等．全球油气勘探特点与启示[J]. 石油科技论坛，2019,38(6):43-47. Liu Xiaobing, Bian Haiguang, Wang Yonghua, e t a l . C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a n d s u g g e s t i o n s o f g l o b a l o i l a n d g a s exploration[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2019, 38(6):43-47.
[11] 杜金虎，潘文庆．塔里木盆地寒武系盐下白云岩油气成藏条件与勘探方向[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2016,43(3):327-339. Du Jinhu, Pan Wenqing. Accumulation conditions and play targets of oil and gas in the Cambrian subsalt dolomite, Tarim Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2016,43(3):327-339.
[12] 郭彦如，赵振宇，张月巧，等．鄂尔多斯盆地海相烃源岩系发育特征与勘探新领域[J]. 石油学报，2016,37(8):939-951. Guo Yanru, Zhao Zhenyu, Zhang Yueqiao, et al . Development characteristics and new exploration areas of marine source rocks in Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2016,37(8):939-951.
[13] 陈践发，张水昌，鲍志东，等．海相优质烃源岩发育的主要影响因素及沉积环境[J]. 海相油气地质，2006,11(3):49-54. Chen Jianfa, Zhang Shuichang, Bao Zhidong, et al . Main s e d i m e n t a r y e n v i r o n m e n t s a n d i n f l u e n c i n g f a c t o r s f o r development of marine organic-rich source rocks[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2006,11(3):49-54.
[14] 包洪平，黄正良，武春英，等．鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系盐下侧向供烃成藏特征及勘探潜力[J]. 中国石油勘探，2020,25(3):134-145. Bao Hongping, Huang Zhengliang, Wu Chunying, et al . Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics and exploration potential of Ordovician pre-salt formations by lateral hydrocarbon supply in the central-eastern Ordos Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020,25(3):134-145.
[15] 付金华，范立勇，刘新社，等．鄂尔多斯盆地天然气勘探新进展、前景展望和对策措施[J]. 中国石油勘探，2019,24(4):418-430. Fu Jinhua, Fan Liyong, Liu Xinshe, et al . New progresses, prospects and countermeasures of natural gas exploration in the Ordos Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019,24(4):418-430.
[16] 付金华，郑聪斌．鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶纪华北海和祁连海演变及岩相古地理特征[J]. 古地理学报，2011,3(4):25-34. Fu Jinhua, Zheng Congbin. Evolution between north China sea and Qilian sea of the Ordovician and the characteristics of lithofacies palaeogeography in Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2011,3(4):25-34.
[17] 王鸿祯，徐成彦，周正国．东秦岭古海域两侧大陆边缘区的构造发展[J]. 地质学报，1982,56(3):270-280. Wang Hongzheng, Xu Chengyan, Zhou Zhengguo. Tectonic development of the bilateral continental margin areas in the east Qinling sea[J]. Acta Geological Sinica, 1982,56(3):270-280.
[18] 张金山．鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化及含油气展望[J]. 石油与天然气地质， 1982,3(4):304-315. Zhang Jinshan. Tectonic evolution of Ordos Basin and its oil and gas potential[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 1982,3(4):304-315.
[19] 冯增昭，鲍志东，康祺发，等．鄂尔多斯早古生代古构造[J]. 古地理学报，1999,1(2):84-91. Feng Zengzhao, Bao ZhiDong, Kang Qifa, et al .The structure of Early Paleozoic in Ordos[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 1999,1(2):84-91.
[20] 戴金星，王庭斌，宋岩，等．中国大中型天然气田形成条件与分布规律[M]. 北京：地质出版社，1997. Dai Jinxing, Wang Tingbin, Song Yan，et al . Formation conditions and distribution regularities of large and mediumsized gas fields of China[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1997.
[21] 黄第藩，熊传武，杨俊杰，等．鄂尔多斯盆地中部大气田的气源判识和天然气成因类型[J]. 科学通报，1996,41(17):1588-1592. Huang Difan, Xiong Chuanwu, Yang Junjie, et al . Gassource discrimination of central gas field in Ordos Basin[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1996,41(17):1588-1592.
[22] 戴金星．天然气中烷烃气碳同位素研究的意义[J]. 天然气工业，2011, 31(12): 1-6. Dai Jinxing. Significance of the study on carbon isotope of alkane gases[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2011,31(12):1-6.
[23] 李贤庆，侯读杰，胡国艺，等．鄂尔多斯盆地中部地区下古生界碳酸盐岩生烃潜力探讨[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报，2002,21(3):152-157. Li Xianqing, Hou Dujie, Hu Guoyi, et al . The discussion on hydrocarbon-generated potential of Lower Paleozoic carbonates in the central part of Ordos Basin[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 2002,21(3):152-157.
[24] 宁宁，陈孟晋，孙粉锦，等．鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系风化壳古油藏的确定及其意义[J]. 石油与天然气地质，2007,28(2):280-286. Ning Ning, Chen Mengjin, Sun Fenjin, et al . Determination and its significance of ancient oil pools in Ordovician weathering crust, Ordos Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology, 2007,28(2):280-286.
[25] 李贤庆，胡国艺，张爱云，等．鄂尔多斯中部气田下古生界天然气的气源研究[J]. 现代地质，2002,16(2):191-198. Li Xianqing, Hu Guoyi, Zhang Aiyun,et al. Study of source rock of natural gas in central part of Ordos Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2002,16(2):191-198.
[26] 王传刚，王毅，许化政，等．论鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界烃源岩的成藏演化特征[J]. 石油学报，2009,30(1):38-45. Wang Chuangang, Wang Yi, Xu Huazheng,et al .Discussion on evolution of source rocks in Lower Paleozoic of Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2009,30(1) :38-45.
[27] 程付启，金强，刘文汇，等．鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田奥陶系风化壳混源气成藏分析[J]. 石油学报，2007,28(1):38-42. Cheng Fuqi, Jin Qiang, Liu Wenhui, et al . Formation of source-mixedgas reservoir in Ordovician weathering crust in the central gas field of Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2007,28(1):38-42.
[28] 米敬奎，王晓梅，朱光有，等．利用包裹体中气体地球化学特征与源岩生气模拟实验探讨鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田天然气来源[J].岩石学报， 2012,28(3):859-868. Mi Jingkui, Wang Xiaomei, Zhu Guangyou, et al . Origin determination of gas from Jingbian Gasfield in Ordos Basin collective through the geochemistry of gas from inclusions and source rock pyrolysis[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2012, 28(3):859-868.
[29] 李军，赵靖舟，王大兴，等．鄂尔多斯盆地中央古隆起东侧奥陶系中组合天然气成因与来源[J]. 石油学报，2016,37(7):821-831. Li Jun, Zhao Jingzhou, Wang Daxing, et al . Genesis and source of the Ordovician mid-assemblage natural gas in the east side of the central paleo-uplift,Ordos[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2016,37(7):821-831.
[30] 苗忠英，陈践发，张晨，等．鄂尔多斯盆地东部奥陶系盐下天然气成藏条件[J]. 天然气工业，2011,31(2):39-42. Miao Zhongying, Chen Jianfa, Zhang Chen, et al . Gas pooling conditions in the Ordovician subsalt layers, eastern Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2011,31(2):39-42.
[31] 朱创业，张寿庭．鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组碳酸盐岩有机质特征及烃源岩研究[J]. 成都理工学院学报，1999,26(3):217-220. Zhu Chuangye, Zhang Shouting. Study of the characteristics of the organic matter in carbonate rocks and source rocks in the Lower Ordovician Majiagou Formation of Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology, 1999,26(3):217-220.
[32] 涂建琪，董义国，张斌，等．鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组规模性有效烃源岩的发现及其地质意义[J]. 天然气工业，2016,36(5):15-24. Tu Jianqi, Dong Yiguo, Zhang Bin, et al . Discovery of effective scale source rocks of the Ordovician Majiagou Fm in the Ordos Basin and its geological significance[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2016,36(5):15-24.
[33] 姚泾利，王程程，陈娟萍，等．鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组盐下碳酸盐岩烃源岩分布特征[J]. 天然气地球科学，2016,27(12):2115-2126. Yao Jingli, Wang Chengcheng, Chen Juanping, et al . Distribution characteristics of subsalt carbonate source rocks in Majiagou Formation, Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2016,27(12):2115-2126.
[34] 杨华，张文正，昝川莉，等．鄂尔多斯盆地东部奥陶系盐下天然气地球化学特征及其对靖边气田气源再认识[J]. 天然气地球科学，2009, 20(1):8-13. Yang Hua, Zhang Wenzheng, Zan Chuanli，et al . Geochemical characteristics of Ordovician subsalt gas reservoir and their significance for understanding the gas source of Jingbian Gasfield, east Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2009, 20(1):8-13.
[35] 孔庆芬，张文正，李剑锋，等．鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系盐下天然气地球化学特征及成因[J]. 天然气地球科学，2019,30(3):423-432. K o n g Q i n g f e n , Z h a n g Wen z h e n g , L i J i a n f e n g , et al . Geochemical characteristics and genesis of Ordovician natural gas under gypsolyte in Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2019,30(3):423-432.
[36] 王传刚．鄂尔多斯盆地海相烃源岩的成藏有效性分析[J]. 地学前缘， 2012,19(1):253-263. Wang Chuangang. Analysis of hydrocarbon accumulation effectiveness of marine source rocks in Ordos Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2012,19(1):253-263.
[37] 金强，黄志，李维振，等．鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系烃源岩发育模式和天然气生成潜力[J]. 地质学报，2013,87(3):393-402. Jin Qiang, Huang Zhi, Li Weizhen, et al . Sedimentary models of Ordovician source rocks in Ordos Basin and their hydrocarbon generation potential[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2013,87(3):393-402.
[38] 杨华，包洪平，马占荣．侧向供烃成藏：鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系膏盐岩下天然气成藏新认识[J]. 天然气工业，2014,34(4):19-26. Yang Hua, Bao Hongping, Ma Zhanrong. Reservoirforming by lateral supply of hydrocarbon: a new understanding of the formation of Ordovician gas reservoirs under gypsolyte in the Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014,34(4):19-26.
[39] 姚泾利，包洪平，任军峰，等．鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系盐下天然气勘探[J]. 中国石油勘探，2015,20(3):1-12. Yao Jingli, Bao Hongping, Ren Junfeng，et al . Exploration of Ordovician subsalt reservoirs natural gas in Ordos Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2015,20(3):1-12.
[40] 包洪平，黄正良，武春英，等．鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系盐下侧向供烃成藏特征及勘探潜力[J]. 中国石油勘探，2020,25(3):134-145. Bao Hongping, Huang Zhengliang, Wu Chunying, et al . Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics and exploration potential of Ordovician pre-salt formations by lateral hydrocarbon supply in the central-eastern Ordos Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020,25(3):134-145.
[41] 吴东旭，吴兴宁，曹荣荣，等．鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系古隆起东侧马家沟组中组合储层特征及成藏演化[J]. 海相油气地质，2014,19(4): 38-44. Wu Dongxu, Wu Xingning, Cao Rongrong, et al . Reservoir characteristics and evolution of Majiagou middle assemblage on east side of Ordovician central paleouplift, Ordos Basin[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2014,19(4):38-44.
[42] 黄正良，武春英，马占荣，等．鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系马家沟组沉积层序及其对储层发育的控制作用[J]. 中国石油勘探，2015,20(5): 20-29. Huang Zhengliang, Wu Chunying, Ma Zhanrong, et al . Sedimentary squence of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in central and eastern part of Ordos Basin and its control over reservoir development[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2015, 20(5):20-29.
[43] 任军峰，杨文敬，丁雪峰，等．鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组白云岩储层特征及成因机理[J]. 成都理工大学学报( 自然科学版)，2016, 43(3):274-281. Ren Junfeng, Yang Wenjing, Ding Xuefeng, et al . Discussion on characteristics and origin of Majiagou Formation dolomite reservoir in Ordos Basin，China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition),2016,43(3):274-281.
[44] 付斯一，张成弓，陈洪德，等．鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系马家沟组五段盐下白云岩储集层特征及其形成演化[J]. 石油勘探与开发， 2019,46(6):1087-1098. Fu Siyi, Zhang Chenggong, Chen Hongde, et al. Characteristics, formation and evolution of pre-salt dolomite reservoirs in the fifth member of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation, mideast Ordos Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2019,46(6):1087-1098.
[45] 席胜利，于洲，张道锋，等．鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系盐下颗粒滩沉积模式及储层成因[J]. 西北大学学报( 自然科学版)，2018,48(4):557-567. Xi Shengli, Yu Zhou, Zhang Daofeng, et al . Sedimentary pattern and reservoir genesis of Ordovician pre-salt grain beach in Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition), 2018,48(4):557-567.
[46] 于洲，丁振纯，王利花，等．鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组五段膏盐下白云岩储层形成的主控因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质，2018, 39(6):1213-1224. Yu Zhou, Ding Zhenchun, Wang Lihua, et al . Main factors controlling formation of dolomite reservoir underlying gypsum-salt layer in the 5th member of Ordovician Majiagou Formation，Ordos Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2018,39(6): 1213-1224.
[47] 席胜利，熊鹰，刘显阳，等．鄂尔多斯盆地中部奥陶系马五盐下沉积环境与海平面变化[J]. 古地理学报，2017,19(5):773-790. Xi Shengli, Xiong Ying, Liu Xianyang, et al . Sedimentary environment and sea level change of the subsalt interval of member 5 of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in central Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2017,19(5):773-790.
[48] 江青春，胡素云，汪泽成，等．四川盆地中二叠统中—粗晶白云岩成因[J]. 石油与天然气地质，2014,35(4):503-510. Jiang Qingchun, Hu Suyun, Wang Zecheng, et al . Genesis of medium-macro-crystalline dolomite in the Middle Permian of Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2014,35(4):503-510.
[49] 付玲，李建忠，徐旺林，等．鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系盐下深层储层特征及主控因素[J]. 天然气地球科学，2020,31(11):1548-1561. Fu Ling, Li Jianzhong, Xu Wanglin, et al . Characteristics and main controlling factors of Ordovician deep subsalt reservoir in central and eastern Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2020,31(11):1548-1561.
[50] 杜金虎，李相博，包洪平，等．鄂尔多斯盆地中新元古界—下古生界天然气成藏地质条件及勘探新领域[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2019,46 (5):820-835. Du Jinhu, Li Xiangbo, Bao Hongping, et al . Geological conditions of natural gas accumulation and new exploration areas in the Mesoproterozoic to Lower Paleozoic of Ordos Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2019,46(5):820-835.