中国石油勘探 ›› 2026, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 160-179.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2026.01.012

• 石油地质 • 上一篇    下一篇

塔里木盆地中南部奥陶系油气成藏动态模拟与勘探潜力方向

冉君帅1,3,李斌1,2,杨素举4,沙旭光4,徐勤琪4   

  1. 1 西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院;2 西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室;3 中国石油塔里木油田公司;4 中国石化西北油田分公司勘探开发研究院
  • 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-01-15
  • 作者简介:冉君帅(1998-),男,新疆克拉玛依人,硕士研究生,主要从事油气成藏研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金“塔里木盆地寒武系深层膏盐岩动态封闭对油气差异运聚过程的控制机理”(42572173);四川省区域创新合作项目“复杂油藏高效开发相关技术研究及推广应用”(2021YFQ0048)。

Dynamic Modeling of Ordovician Petroleum Accumulation and Exploration Prospectivity, South-Central Tarim Basin

Ran Junshuai1,3,Li Bing1,3,Yang Suju4,Sha Xuguang4,Xu Qinqi4   

  1. 1 School of Geosicence and Technology,Southwest Petroleum University;2 State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Development Engineering,Southwest Petroleum University;3 PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company;4 Research Institute of Exploration and Development,Northwest Oilfield Company,Sinopec
  • Online:2026-01-15 Published:2026-01-15

摘要: 针对塔里木盆地中南部奥陶系碳酸盐岩勘探程度低、成藏条件复杂导致含油气带评价难度大的问题,采用成藏动力学构建了以下寒武统玉尔吐斯组为烃源岩的含油气系统,利用混合流算法开展了奥陶系油气成藏的动态模拟,恢复了12个含油气区带“生-运-聚”的差异演化历史。下寒武统玉尔吐斯组烃源岩经历了早期成熟生油,晚期高-过成熟生干气演化的过程,主要存在晚加里东期、海西期及喜马拉雅期三期油气充注。塔里木盆地中南部深层油气一直处于运移聚集和逸散的动态平衡中,发育5种充注-散失模式,形成“深凹供烃,断控输导,隆起聚集,东气西油”,“断控输导,层控聚集,核部聚气、翼部富油”,“下生上储,断控成藏,深气浅油”三种油气富集模式。综合评价认为,玉中低凸玉北断裂带-玛扎塔格断裂带及周缘、叶城凹陷棋北-固满构造带北部和卡塔克隆起西部北西向逆冲断裂和北东向走滑断裂构造交汇带是未来塔里木盆地中南部奥陶系有利勘探区。有利区面积分别为8500km2、5000km2 和2900km2,估算石油聚集总量为2366×104t,估算天然气聚集总量为14331×104t。

关键词: 塔里木盆地, 中南部, 奥陶系, 碳酸盐岩油气藏, 动态成藏模拟, 资源评价, 勘探潜力

Abstract: To address the challenges of low overall exploration levels and complex hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in the Ordovician carbonate rocks of the central and southern Tarim Basin, which hinders the evaluation of hydrocarbon-bearing zones, a hydrocarbon system with the Lower Cambrian as the source rock was constructed using a hydrocarbon accumulation dynamics method. A dynamic simulation of Ordovician hydrocarbon accumulation was conducted using a mixed-flow algorithm, reconstructing the differential evolution history of “generation, migration, and accumulation” in 12 hydrocarbon-bearing zones. The source rocks of the Lower Cambrian Yuertus Formation underwent an early process of mature oil generation and a late process of high-to-over-mature dry gas generation, mainly exhibiting three phases of oil and gas inflow: the Late Caledonian, Hercynian, and Himalayan periods. Deep hydrocarbons in the central-southern Tarim have been maintained in a dynamic balance between migration/accumulation and leakage, giving rise to five charge–dissipation modes. Three dominant enrichment patterns are: deep-sag sourcing with fault-focused delivery and uplift-centered accumulation, yielding an east-gas/west-oil partitioning; fault-controlled charging with layer-controlled trapping, characterized by gas-prone anticline cores and oil-rich flanks; and “lower-source/upper-reservoir” charging with fault-assisted trapping, producing deep gas and shallow oil. An integrated assessment delineates three favorable Ordovician exploration belts: the Yuzhong-low convex Yubei fault zone-Mazatag fault zone and its surroundings (8500km2); the northern segment of the Qibei–Guman structural belt in the Yecheng Depression (5000km2); and the overlap zone between NW-trending thrusts and NE-trending strike-slip faults on the western Katake Uplift (2900km2). The estimated total accumulations are 2366×104t of oil and 14331×104t of gas.

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