煤岩气井主动式控压排采方法及应用研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2025.06.013

中国石油勘探 ›› 2025, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 185-200.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2025.06.013

煤岩气井主动式控压排采方法及应用研究

邓泽^1,2,3,赵群^1,2,3,李聪⁴,马立民⁴,张雷⁵,丁蓉⁵,费世祥⁶,黄道军⁶,黄锦袖⁶,王树慧⁶,张先敏⁷

1 中国石油勘探开发研究院；2 中国石油集团煤岩气重点实验室；3 国家能源页岩气研发（实验）中心；4 中国石油冀东油田公司；5 中石油煤层气有限责任公司；6 中国石油长庆油田公司；7 深层油气全国重点实验室（中国石油大学（华东））

出版日期:2025-11-14 发布日期:2025-11-14
通讯作者: 张先敏（1980-），男，山东招远人，博士，2010年毕业于中国石油大学（华东），副教授，现主要从事复杂油气藏工程理论与开发技术方面的工作。地址：山东省青岛市西海岸新区长江西路66号中国石油大学（华东）石油工程学院，邮政编码：266580。
作者简介:邓泽（1982-），男，山西运城人，硕士，2008年毕业于中国石油大学（北京），高级工程师，现主要从事煤/页岩气实验测试与储层评价方面的工作。地址：北京市海淀区学院路20号中国石油勘探开发研究院非常规研究所，邮政编码：100083。
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项“深层煤岩气成藏机理与效益开发技术”（2025ZD1404200）；中国石油天然气股份有限公司前瞻性基础性项目“煤岩气富集规律与开发机理研究”（2024DJ23）。

Study and application of active pressure-control production method for coal-rock gas wells

Deng Ze^1,2,3,Zhao Qun^1,2,3,Li Cong⁴,Ma Limin⁴,Zhang Lei⁵,Ding Rong⁵,Fei Shixiang⁶,Huang Daojun⁶,Huang Jinxiu⁶,Wang Shuhui⁶,Zhang Xianmin⁷

1 PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development; 2 CNPC Key Laboratory of Coal-Rock Gas; 3 National Energy Shale Gas R&D (Experiment) Center; 4 PetroChina Jidong Oilfield Company; 5 PetroChina Coalbed Methane Company Limited; 6 PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company; 7 State Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (East China)

Online:2025-11-14 Published:2025-11-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 与中浅部煤层相比，深部煤层在气水赋存特征、产出机制及工程响应方面存在显著差异。在深部原位高压条件下，游离气体产出以连续介质渗流为主，储层压力与井底流压的变化直接影响气水赋存状态、运移驱动力及产能演化规律，合理的压力管控有助于增强渗流产气能力。基于压力演化对煤岩气运移机制的控制作用，提出并建立了一种以差异化井底流压调控为核心的主动式降压排采控制方法，该方法构建了压裂液临界压差模型、等流度点与等导压点判据及气水比动态识别模型，揭示了不同生产阶段的流体运移特征与压差控制规律，形成了“安全放喷—稳定排水—协调产气—提产稳产”的分阶段井底流压管控体系，实现了压力系统与渗流机制、解吸动力的全过程动态匹配。基于鄂尔多斯盆地东缘典型煤岩气井的数值模拟验证表明，主动式控压策略能够分级释放与有效利用储层能量，使气井日产气量呈“多峰式”增长，预测采收率较无控压条件提高约8.9个百分点。矿场试验结果进一步表明，该策略通过分阶段、分级降压调控有效延缓压降过程、抑制气水比过快上升，实现气水两相流动平衡，逐步释放产能，显著提升单井产能与稳产时长。研究成果可为鄂尔多斯盆地煤岩气高效开发提供理论依据与工程指导。

关键词: 鄂尔多斯盆地, 煤岩气, 主动式降压, 等流度点, 气水比, 数值模拟

Abstract: Compared with shallow–middle coal seams, deep coal reservoirs exhibit significant differences in gas–water occurrence, production mechanism, and engineering response. In the in-situ high-pressure deep formations, free gas mainly flows through continuous media. The variations in reservoir pressure and bottom-hole flowing pressure directly influence gas–water distribution, migration driving force, and production capacity change law. Therefore, a rational pressure-control regime enhances gas flow and production capacity. Based on the control of pressure evolution on coal-rock gas migration mechanism, an active pressure release and production control method centered on differentiated bottom-hole pressure regulation has been proposed. By establishing a critical fracturing fluid pressure difference model, criteria for iso-flow and iso-pressure point recognition, and a dynamic gas–water ratio identification model, this approach reveals the fluid migration characteristics and pressure difference control rules across different production stages, and forms a staged bottom-hole pressure control system, that is, “safe open flow–steady water drainage–coordinated gas production–enhanced and steady gas production”, achieving dynamic matching of pressure system with flow mechanism and desorption kinetics in the whole production process. Numerical simulations of typical coal-rock wells in the eastern margin of Ordos Basin confirm that the active pressure-control strategy enables to gradually release and effectively utilize reservoir energy, achieving a “multi-peak” growth of gas production profile, with the predicted recovery factor increased by approximately 8.9% compared with non-production-control regime. Field tests further demonstrate that the staged and graded pressure release effectively slows the pressure decline, mitigates rapid gas–water ratio increase, maintains two-phase flow balance, and gradually releases production capacity, significantly enhancing single-well capacity and steady-production duration. The study results provide a theoretical basis and engineering guidance for high-efficiency development of coal-rock gas in Ordos Basin.

Key words: Ordos Basin, coal-rock gas, active pressure release, iso-flow point, gas–water ratio, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TE377

邓泽, 赵群, 李聪, 马立民, 张雷, 丁蓉, 费世祥, 黄道军, 黄锦袖, 王树慧, 张先敏. 煤岩气井主动式控压排采方法及应用研究[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2025, 30(6): 185-200.

Deng Ze, Zhao Qun, Li Cong, Ma Limin, Zhang Lei, Ding Rong, Fei Shixiang, Huang Daojun, Huang Jinxiu, Wang Shuhui, Zhang Xianmin. Study and application of active pressure-control production method for coal-rock gas wells[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2025, 30(6): 185-200.

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煤岩气井主动式控压排采方法及应用研究

Study and application of active pressure-control production method for coal-rock gas wells

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