中国煤岩气理论技术、勘探开发进展与前景展望

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2025.04.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 煤岩气作为一种新类型非常规天然气资源，近几年在我国取得了战略性突破，对保障能源安全意义重大。文章系统阐述煤岩气地质理论、关键技术的研究进展及勘探开发现状，基于资源潜力分析结果展望未来发展前景。研究表明：（1）煤岩气内涵在业界已形成普遍共识。煤岩是一种典型的双重介质储层，煤岩气藏富含游离气且组分复杂，存在运移聚集，有效成藏需良好的保存条件。（2）煤岩气成藏机理与煤系全油气系统理论框架已初步构建。形成了煤岩气“三场控藏”成藏机理认识，建立了“源储一体、箱式封存”和“多源共储、高点富集”两种类型的成藏富集模式，初步构建了煤系全油气系统理论。（3）初步形成了煤岩气资源评价、地质—工程甜点评价、实验测试、水平井多段压裂、产能评价与生产优化等技术系列，积极探索储层减水/ 无水改造、煤系多层多气立体开发等技术。支撑全国累计探明煤岩气地质储量5968×10⁸m³，2024 年产量为27×10⁸m³。（4）初步估算全国煤岩气地质资源量超38×10¹²m³，具备2035 年实现年产煤岩气300×10⁸m³ 的资源基础，将成为天然气产业新的增长极。（5）指出了煤岩气勘探开发面临的三大挑战，提出了未来六大理论技术攻关方向，以期推动煤岩气产业高质量发展。

关键词: 煤岩气, 地质特征, 成藏理论, 煤系全油气系统, 勘探开发, 资源潜力, 发展前景

Abstract: Coal-rock gas is a new type of unconventional natural gas resource. In recent years, strategic breakthrough has been achieved,
which has great significance for ensuring energy security in China. The research progress in geological theories, key technologies, and current status of exploration and development of coal-rock gas are systematically discussed, and the development prospects are put forward based on resource potential analysis results. The study results show that: (1) A consensus has basically been reached in the industry on the connotation of coal-rock gas. The coal rock shows a typical dual-pore media reservoir. Coal-rock gas is composed of complex gas components and high content of free gas, which has characteristics of migration and accumulation, and good preservation conditions are required for the formation of effective gas reservoir. (2) The understanding of coal-rock gas accumulation mechanism and the theoretical framework of whole petroleum system of coal measures have primarily been established, forming a “three-field controlling” coal-rock gas accumulation mechanism, and two types of gas accumulation and enrichment models, i.e., “integration of source rock and reservoir, and box-type sealing” and “multi-source supply, and gas enrichment in reservoir at high structural parts”. (3) A series of technologies have initially been developed, such as coa-rock gas resource assessment, geological and engineering sweet spot evaluation, laboratory testing, horizontal well multi-stage fracturing, production capacity evaluation, and production optimization. In addition, technologies such as water-reducing/water-free reservoir reconstruction and stereoscopic development of multi-layer and multi-source gas in coal measures are actively being researched. These technologies have supported the cumulative proven coa-rock gas geological reserves of 5968×10⁸ m³ , and the output reaching 27×10⁸ m³ in 2024. (4) It is preliminarily estimated that the coal-rock gas geological resources exceed 38×10¹² m³, possessing the resource foundation for
achieving an annual output of 300×10⁸ m³ by 2035, which shows a new growth point in the natural gas industry. (5) Three major challenges in coal-rock gas exploration and development are pointed out, and six key theoretical and technological research directions are proposed to promote the high-quality development of coal-rock gas industry in the future.

Key words: coal-rock gas, geological characteristics, gas accumulation theory, whole petroleum system in coal measures, exploration and
development, resource potential, development prospect

中图分类号:

TE122.1

李国欣, 何新兴, 赵群, 张君峰, 张国生, 张雷, 徐旺林, 张斌, 杨智. 中国煤岩气理论技术、勘探开发进展与前景展望[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2025, 30(4): 1-17.

Li Guoxin, He Xinxing, Zhao Qun, Zhang Junfeng, Zhang Guosheng, Zhang Lei, Xu Wanglin, Zhang Bin, Yang Zhi. Theory, technology, exploration and development progress and prospects of coal-rock gas in China[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2025, 30(4): 1-17.

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