中国页岩气勘探开发进展及发展展望

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2020.01.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中国页岩气进入了快速发展的黄金时期，随着天然气在能源消费结构中的比重不断攀升，以及在川南地区页岩气商业化开发的成功，页岩气成为中国未来最可靠的能源接替类型。文章系统梳理了近10年来中国页岩气在勘探开发实践中的理论认识和开发技术进展，总结了中国页岩气商业开发的成功经验，明确了页岩气在中国未来天然气发展中的前景与地位。中国页岩气资源潜力巨大，是未来天然气产量增长的现实领域；获得工业性页岩气资源的条件包括“两高”（含气量高、孔隙度高）、“两大”（高TOC集中段厚度大、分布面积大）、“两适中”（热演化程度适中、埋藏深度适中）和“两好”（保存条件好、可压裂性好）；中国海相页岩气最具勘探开发潜力，是目前页岩气上产的主体，已形成适用于四川盆地及周缘奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组页岩气开发的六大主体技术系列（地质综合评价技术、开发优化技术、水平井优快钻井技术、水平井体积压裂技术、工厂化作业技术、高效清洁开采技术）。中国页岩气商业开发的成功经验可总结为四点：①选准最佳水平井靶体层位；②配套优快钻进和高效体积改造技术；③促进地质工程一体化数据融合；④探索先进组织管理模式。对中国页岩气未来发展的三点建议：①加强非海相及深层海相页岩气低成本开发关键技术与装备攻关；②重视提高区块页岩气采收率问题，实现整体规模效益开发；③重视非资源因素对页岩气上产节奏的影响。

关键词: 页岩气, 勘探理论, 开发技术, 成功经验, 发展前景, 中国

Abstract: Shale gas exploration and development in China has entered a golden age of rapid progress. The increasing proportion of natural gas in the energy consumption structure of the nation, and the success of commercial shale gas development in the southern Sichuan Basin, indicate that shale gas will be the most reliable succession energy source for the future in China. This paper reviews achievements in theoretical understanding and technologies related to shale gas development over the past 10 years, summarizes successful experiences in commercial shale gas development, and clarifies the prospects for, and status of, shale gas in future natural gas development in China. China's shale gas resources have enormous potential, and provide a practical base for future growth in natural gas production. The conditions for obtaining industrial shale gas resources are described as ‘2 highs’ (high gas content and high porosity), ‘2 larges’ (large thickness of intervals with high TOC and large distribution areas), ‘2 moderates’ (moderate thermal evolution and moderate burial depth), and ‘2 goods’ (good preservation conditions and good fracability). Marine shale gas in China is of the highest potential, and at present is the major objective for natural gas production growth. Exploitation of the Ordovician Wufeng Formation and Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale gas in the Sichuan Basin and its surroundings has relied on developments in six technology areas: comprehensive geological evaluation; development optimization; fast drilling of horizontal wells; volume fracturing of horizontal wells; factory-like operation, and efficient and clean production. The successful achievement of commercial development of shale gas in China can be summarized as stemming from four key factors: ① optimized horizontal section targets; ② supporting technologies for effective and fast drilling and volume fracturing stimulation; ③ geological and engineering integration, and ④ advanced organization and management. Three proposals for the future development of shale gas in China are: ① to develop key technologies and equipment for low-cost development of non-marine and deep marine shale gas; ② to enhance block-scale shale gas recovery and achieve efficient development of the entire Sichuan basin; ③ to pay attention to the influence of non-resource factors on shale gas production.

中图分类号:

赵文智, 贾爱林, 位云生, 王军磊, 朱汉卿. 中国页岩气勘探开发进展及发展展望[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2020, 25(1): 31-44.

Zhao Wenzhi, Jia Ailin, Wei Yunsheng, Wang Junlei, Zhu Hanqing. Progress in shale gas exploration in China and Prospects for future development[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020, 25(1): 31-44.

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