Abstract: The China National Petroleum Corporation Limited (CNPC) has preliminarily achieved the large-scale production of unconventional oil and gas. However, considering its abundant resources, the output still has great potential for improvement. The exploration and development progress of unconventional oil and gas of CNPC during the 13^th Five-Year Plan period is summarized, and unconventional oil and gas development trend in the 14^th Five-Year Plan period is discussed. On this basis, the main challenges and key problems are analyzed,and strategies are put forward to promote the high-efficiency development of unconventional oil and gas of CNPC. The results show that: (1) During the 13^th Five-Year Plan period, CNPC has gradually focused on low-grade resources represented by unconventional oil and gas; (2) During the 14^th Five-Year Plan period, the proportion of unconventional oil and gas production will further increase, and production capacity in key areas will grow rapidly; (3) Four aspects of challenges, such as the technology, cost, management and idea, are faced with high-efficiency development of unconventional oil and gas. In view of the above challenges, six key countermeasures are proposed: (1) Properly understand the unconventional resources; (2) Implement the engineering management concept and mode of “one engine with six drives”; (3) Improve management rules and assessment methods; (4) Fully use the big data platform; (5) Effectively promote market-oriented business operation and socialized services; (6) Formulate rational policies for unconventional resource development. The above measures will enable CNPC to promote the high-quality development of its unconventional oil and gas business and contribute to “ensuring the rice bowl of energy firmly in our own hands” by developing the unconventional oil and gas.