吐哈盆地深层地质结构特征及油气勘探前景

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2021.04.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 吐哈盆地深层石炭系—三叠系勘探程度低，在台北凹陷等勘探重点部位的地震资料品质差，构造地层格架落实程度低，制约了原型盆地类型及其演化的认识，对深层油气成藏的特点及其潜在领域难以把握。在盆地现有资料和研究认识的基础上，结合盆地及邻区的大地构造环境研究，重新分析了吐哈盆地石炭纪—二叠纪原型盆地演化、期次及其改造特点，进一步分析了深层油气勘探前景。研究认为，石炭纪—三叠纪，盆地演化具有4个发展阶段：石炭纪—早二叠世处于弧后拉张环境，吐哈地块总体处于古陆部位，其南、北边缘靠近裂谷部位沉积厚度较大，发育海相烃源岩；中二叠世在弧后拉张持续的背景下，断陷沉降波及吐哈地块内部，分隔性的多个陆相断陷发育烃源岩；晚二叠世—早三叠世，弧后拉张机制结束，吐哈地块与周围裂谷准平原化；中三叠世，地块周围裂谷挤压回返造山，并使地块区进入广盆与前陆盆地阶段。裂谷、断陷、前陆坳陷沉降类型明显不同，导致3 期沉积格架、烃源岩发育的明显差异性。4个演化阶段发育4个正旋回沉积，造就4套区域性储盖组合。深层多期原型盆地受应力反转和后期前陆盆地较强改造，台北凹陷叠置沉降区及其周围的深层具有多种原型盆地油气地质条件和勘探潜力。

关键词: 吐哈盆地, 石炭系, 二叠系, 三叠系, 盆地演化, 油气勘探

Abstract: The characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation and potential targets of deep Carboniferous-Triassic are unclear in Turpan-Hami Basin due to the low level of exploration, poor quality of seismic data in key exploration areas such as Taibei Sag, low understanding of tectono-stratigraphic framework, and the unclear prototype basin type and evolution. In this paper, the evolution history, stages and reformation characteristics of the Carboniferous-Permian prototype Turpan-Hami Basin are analyzed and the exploration prospects of deep formations are further evaluated based on the existing geological data and previous study results and combined with tectonic environment of the basin and its adjacent areas. The study results show that the basin has experienced four stages of tectonic evolution from Carboniferous to Triassic: (1) Back arc extensional environment during the Carboniferous-Early Permian, the Turpan-Hami land block was on the ancient land, and the southern and northern margins were close to the rift, where thick sediments and marine source rocks were deposited; (2) Continuous back arc extensional environment in the Middle Permian, fault subsidence affected the interior of Turpan-Hami land block and source rocks were developed in separated continental fault depressions; (3) The back arc extension ended from the Late Permian to Early Triassic, and the Turpan- Hami block and its peripheral rifts were peneplain; (4) In the Middle Triassic, rifts surrounding the Turpan-Hami land block compressed and returned to orogeny, leading to the broad basin and foreland basin stage of Turpan-Hami land block. The subsidence types of rift, fault depression and foreland depression are obviously different, forming three stages of sedimentary framework and developing source rocks with greatly varied degree. Four positive cycles are developed in four evolution stages, forming four sets of regional reservoir-caprock assemblages. The deep multi-stage prototype basin is affected by stress inversion and strongly reformed by later foreland basin, and deep formations have geological conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation and exploration potential in the superimposed subsidence area of Taibei Sag and its periphery.

中图分类号:

TE111.1

李成明, 刘俊田, 倪联斌, 樊尚武. 吐哈盆地深层地质结构特征及油气勘探前景[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2021, 26(4): 44-57.

Li Chengming, Liu Juntian, Ni Lianbin, Fan Shangwu. Characteristics of deep geological structure and petroleum exploration prospect in Turpan-Hami Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021, 26(4): 44-57.

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