Abstract: Mosuowan Uplift is a large uplift developed against the background of the Carboniferous "basement" uplift. The structural evolution experiences the six stages - Carboniferous preliminary uplift stage, Permian uplift development stage, Triassic-Middle Jurassic early stable burial stage, Middle Jurassic-Late Jurassic compresso-shear remoulding stage, Cretaceous- Lower Tertiary stable burial and adjustment stage, and Upper Tertiary shaping stage. The current Carboniferous top boundary is a giant anticline distributed in the northwest-western direction. The overlapped Permian-Jurassic System is a successive draped anticline. The anticline area and closure amplitude dwindle from the lower part to the upper part. The Lower Jurassic formation interface is only the low-amplitude anticline trap while the Jurassic top interface and the draped anticline above the interface disappear. The transition of the whole Mosuowan region is the monocline structure tilting southward. The Carboniferous palaeohigh does not come under destruction during the structural evolution process. The Carboniferous top anticline trap area and closure amplitude have the trend for gradual increase. The main body of the palaeohigh slowly migrates from southeast to northwest. The structural evolution characteristics of Mosuowan Uplift are favorable to forming and preserving of Carboniferous-Triassic oil and gas reservoirs. Therefore, the Carboniferous-Triassic deep-seated anticline trap of Mosuowan Uplift, the giant Carboniferous anticline trap in particular, is of great value to exploration.