四川盆地绵阳—广安浅水陆棚及周缘上二叠统长兴组天然气成因来源及成藏模式

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2025.06.011

中国石油勘探 ›› 2025, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 153-170.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2025.06.011

四川盆地绵阳—广安浅水陆棚及周缘上二叠统长兴组天然气成因来源及成藏模式

孙豪飞¹,罗冰¹,国建英^2,3,张玺华¹,谢武仁²,明盈¹,武赛军²,张文杰¹,徐亮¹,崔会英^2,3,陈骁¹,王晓波^2,3,冶明泽²,冉钰¹,谢增业^2,3

1中国石油西南油气田公司勘探开发研究院；2 中国石油勘探开发研究院；3中国石油天然气集团公司天然气成藏与开发重点实验室

出版日期:2025-11-14 发布日期:2025-11-14
通讯作者: 崔会英（1981-），女，河北石家庄人，博士，2019年毕业于中国石油大学（北京），高级工程师，主要从事油气地球化学和油气成藏综合研究工作。地址：北京市海淀区学院路20号，邮政编码：100083。
作者简介:孙豪飞（1989-），男，四川成都人，硕士，2019年毕业于成都理工大学，高级工程师，主要从事油气地质研究与勘探部署工作。地址：四川省成都市成都高新区天府大道北段12号，邮政编码：610051。
基金资助:
中国石油天然气股份有限公司前瞻性基础性科技重大项目“大气田（区）成藏规律与勘探关键技术研究”（2021DJ0602）；中国石油西南油气田公司科研项目“蓬溪—武胜浅水陆棚周缘长兴组成藏过程研究”（2024-17878）。

Genesis, origin and accumulation pattern of natural gas in the Upper Permian Changxing Formation in Mianyang–Guang’an shallow continental shelf and its perphery, Sichuan Basin

Sun Haofei¹,Luo Bing¹,Guo Jianying^2,3,Zhang Xihua¹,Xie Wuren²,Ming Ying¹,Wu Saijun²,Zhang Wenjie¹,Xu Liang¹,Cui Huiying^2,3,Chen Xiao¹, Wang Xiaobo^2,3,Ye Mingze²,Ran Yu¹,Xie Zengye^2,3

1 Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company; 2 PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development; 3 CNPC Key Laboratory of Natural Gas Reservoir Formation and Development

Online:2025-11-14 Published:2025-11-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来，绵阳—广安浅水陆棚及周缘地区长兴组勘探获得重大突破，但不同礁滩体天然气地球化学特征及含气性差异大，天然气成因来源及主力烃源不清,油气富集规律及成藏模式不明，制约了有利圈闭评价及勘探部署。基于天然气组成、碳同位素、氢同位素、氮同位素、储层沥青与烃源岩等分析实验数据，系统研究了天然气成因、混源气的混源比例，结合地质研究成果，建立了长兴组气藏成藏模式。研究结果表明：（1）长兴组天然气是以烃类气体为主且干燥系数大于0.98的干气，主要属于原油裂解气，部分为中—高含H₂S气藏。（2）研究区主要发育上二叠统龙潭组/吴家坪组Ⅱ₁—Ⅲ型和下古生界筇竹寺组Ⅰ型、龙马溪组Ⅰ—Ⅱ₁型3套烃源岩，长兴组天然气地球化学特征差异与主力烃源岩发育程度及通源断裂断开层位相关。源于上二叠统烃源岩的天然气碳同位素重，δ¹³C₂值主要重于-28.0‰；有下古生界烃源混入时，混合气的碳同位素变轻，采用端元气δ¹³C₂值估算的下古生界烃源岩贡献比例为53.9%～77.0%。（3）长兴组气藏具有单源供烃、双源供烃和三源供烃3类聚集模式，明确了不同聚集模式的主力烃源岩。研究认为，以上二叠统龙潭组/吴家坪组为烃源的区域，规模滩相储层叠加现今构造是有利勘探区；存在下古生界混源的区域，通源断裂与规模滩相储层的有效匹配，使油气富集程度整体较高，可为四川盆地下步勘探部署决策提供地质依据。

关键词: 长兴组, 天然气, 地球化学特征, 成藏模式, 浅水陆棚, 绵阳—广安, 四川盆地

Abstract: In recent years, significant breakthroughs have been made in the exploration of the Upper Permian Changxing Formation in Mianyang–Guang’an shallow continental shelf and its periphery. However, the gas geochemical characteristics and gas-bearing properties in different reef beach bodies vary greatly, and the genesis/origin and main source rocks of different gas reservoirs remain unclear, as well as the gas enrichment law and accumulation pattern, restricting the evaluation of favorable traps and exploration deployment. Based on laboratory analysis and experimental data such as natural gas composition, carbon isotopes, hydrogen isotopes, nitrogen isotopes, reservoir bitumen and source rocks, a systematic study has been conducted on the genesis of natural gas and the mixing ratio of mixed gases. Combined with geological study results, a gas accumulation model for Changxing Formation gas reservoir has been established. The study results show that: (1) The natural gas in Changxing Formation is mainly composed of hydrocarbon gases with a dryness coefficient of greater than 0.98, generally showing crude oil cracking gas, with medium–high H₂S content in local areas. (2) Three sets of source rocks were deposited in the study area, namely the Upper Permian Longtan Formation/Wujiaping Formation TypeⅡ1–Ⅲ, the Lower Paleozoic Qiongzhusi Formation TypeⅠ, and Longmaxi Formation TypeⅠ–Ⅱ1 source rocks. The geochemical differences in Changxing Formation natural gas are related to the development degree of main source rocks and the stratigraphic horizon cut by source-connecting faults. Natural gas generated by the Upper Permian source rock has heavy carbon isotopes, with δ¹³C₂ values generally heavier than -28.0‰. When mixed with gas generated by the Lower Paleozoic source rocks, carbon isotopes of the mixed gas become lighter, with a contribution ratio of 53.9%–77.0% of the Lower Paleozoic gas estimated by the end-member gas δ¹³C₂ values. (3) Three types of gas accumulation patterns have been identified for Changxing Formation gas reservoirs, i.e., single-source, dual-source, and triple-source hydrocarbon supply patterns, and the main source rocks for various accumulation patterns have been clarified. The results indicate that in the area where the Upper Permian Longtan Formation/Wujiaping Formation served as source rocks, the superposition of large-scale beach facies reservoirs and current structures shows favorable exploration zone. In the area where there is a mixture of the Lower Paleozoic hydrocarbon source, the effective matching of source-connecting faults and large-scale beach facies reservoirs leads to an overall higher degree of oil and gas enrichment. This research provides geological basis for further exploration deployment decisions in Sichuan Basin.

Key words: Changxing Formation, natural gas, geochemical characteristics, accumulation pattern, shallow continental shelf, Mianyang–Guang’an, Sichuan Basin

中图分类号:

TE112.111

孙豪飞, 罗冰, 国建英, 张玺华, 谢武仁, 明盈, 武赛军, 张文杰, 徐亮, 崔会英, 陈骁, 王晓波, 冶明泽, 冉钰, 谢增业. 四川盆地绵阳—广安浅水陆棚及周缘上二叠统长兴组天然气成因来源及成藏模式[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2025, 30(6): 153-170.

Sun Haofei, Luo Bing, Guo Jianying, Zhang Xihua, Xie Wuren, Ming Ying, Wu Saijun, Zhang Wenjie, Xu Liang, Cui Huiying, Chen Xiao, Wang Xiaobo, Ye Mingze, Ran Yu, Xie Zengye. Genesis, origin and accumulation pattern of natural gas in the Upper Permian Changxing Formation in Mianyang–Guang’an shallow continental shelf and its perphery, Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2025, 30(6): 153-170.

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四川盆地绵阳—广安浅水陆棚及周缘上二叠统长兴组天然气成因来源及成藏模式

Genesis, origin and accumulation pattern of natural gas in the Upper Permian Changxing Formation in Mianyang–Guang’an shallow continental shelf and its perphery, Sichuan Basin

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