致密砂岩储层CO2体积压裂及工艺参数优化

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2025.05.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 鄂尔多斯盆地致密砂岩储层存在物性差、埋深大、黏土矿物含量高、压裂后返排难度大等一系列问题。CO₂压裂具有降破岩、降滤失、促返排等优势，对于物性差、黏土矿物含量高、压力系数低的储层具有针对性。因此，基于真三轴模拟致密砂岩在CO₂前置、CO₂泡沫、CO₂伴注3种不同注入方式下的压裂改造问题，通过相似准则分析致密砂岩储层在不同注入方式下岩心破裂压力变化规律及裂缝展布特征，对比不同条件下岩心压裂结果的差异性分析，并基于Petrel地质压裂一体化平台模拟不同CO₂压裂模式下的储层裂缝扩展数值模拟研究。通过实验定量分析可知，水力压裂破压>CO₂泡沫>CO₂伴注>CO₂前置，相比于水力压裂缝，CO₂前置压裂缝网最复杂，其次为CO₂泡沫，最后为CO₂伴注，数值模拟结果与其相匹配，明确了不同注入方式下储层裂缝网络参数随压裂施工参数变化规律，并建立了压裂参数优化图版，其认识为致密砂岩的效益开发提供可操作的指导建议。

关键词: 真三轴, CO₂前置, CO₂泡沫, CO₂伴注

Abstract: There are a series of problems of tight sandstone reservoirs in Ordos Basin, such as poor physical properties, large burial depth, high clay mineral content, and great difficulty in post-fracturing backflow. CO₂ fracturing has advantages such as reducing rock fracture pressure, reducing fluid loss and promoting backflow, which is a targeted measure for reservoirs with poor physical properties, high clay content and low pressure coefficient. Therefore, based on the true triaxial simulation of tight sandstone fracturing reconstruction process with three different injection methods, i.e., CO₂ prepad, CO₂ foam injection, and CO₂ associated injection, the variation law of core fracture pressure and fracture distribution characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs have been analyzed through similarity criterion, and the difference in core fracturing results has been compared. In addition, Petrel geological–fracturing integrated platform has been applied to conduct numerical simulation of reservoir fracture propagation with different CO₂ injection modes. The quantitative experimental analysis results show that the ranking of fracturing effects is as follows: hydraulic fracturing for rock breaking > CO₂ foam > CO₂ associated injection > CO₂ prepad. Compared with hydraulic fractures, fracture network is the most complex by using CO₂ prepad fracturing, followed by CO₂ foam, and it is the poorest by CO₂ associated injection, which is consistent with numerical simulation results. Furthermore, the variation law of reservoir fracture network parameters with fracturing operation parameters given the different injection methods has been clarified, and a fracturing parameter optimization plate has been prepared. The new understanding provides operational guidance and suggestions for the beneficial development of tight sandstone reservoirs.

Key words: true triaxial, CO₂ prepad, CO₂ foam, CO₂ associated injection

中图分类号:

TE357.13

蔺小博, 张燕明, 马占国, 肖元相, 苏煜彬, 古永红, 王历历, 刘欣佳, 赵博超, 闫治辰. 致密砂岩储层CO₂体积压裂及工艺参数优化[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2025, 30(5): 145-160.

Lin Xiaobo, Zhang Yanming, Ma Zhanguo, Xiao Yuanxiang, Su Yubin, Gu Yonghong, Wang Lili, Liu Xinjia, Zhao Bochao, Yan Zhichen. Research on CO₂Volume Fracturing and Process Parameter Optimization in Tight Sandstone Reservoirs[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2025, 30(5): 145-160.

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致密砂岩储层CO₂体积压裂及工艺参数优化

Research on CO₂Volume Fracturing and Process Parameter Optimization in Tight Sandstone Reservoirs

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