中国陆上大气田成藏主控因素及勘探方向

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2021.06.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中国陆上天然气气藏类型多样，依据综合地质条件及勘探规模潜力，可划分为古老碳酸盐岩气藏、前陆冲断带气藏、致密砂岩气藏、基岩—火山岩气藏4种类型。为了指导中国陆上下一步天然气勘探的方向和目标，结合天然气最新地质理论研究及勘探进展、基础成藏条件等方面，从控制油气成藏的关键地质要素出发，系统总结了中国陆上不同类型天然气富集主控因素：海相碳酸盐岩气藏受优质烃源岩、规模储层及大型圈闭控制，前陆冲断带气藏受优质烃源岩、储盖组合及构造圈闭等因素控制，致密砂岩气藏受构造背景、源储组合方式及储层分布等因素控制，而基岩—火山岩气藏受生烃凹陷、储层类型及输导体系等因素控制。同时，对陆上大气田的富集规律进行了总结：（1）优质烃源岩决定了天然气宏观分布，烃源岩中心周缘普遍分布大气藏；（2）优质储层类型多、分布广，天然气富集控制作用明显；（3）稳定构造期形成多期盖层是天然气多期成藏的关键因素；（4）现今构造格局控制了天然气分布的方向性。在富集主控因素及规律认识基础上，对不同类型天然气勘探领域下一步重点勘探区带进行梳理，指出了陆上天然气勘探主攻领域，天然气勘探仍需立足四川、鄂尔多斯和塔里木三大盆地。

关键词: 天然气, 主控因素, 富集规律, 勘探区带

Abstract: There are various types of gas reservoirs onshore in China, which are divided into four types based on their comprehensive geological conditions and exploration potential, i.e., the ancient carbonate gas reservoir, gas reservoir in foreland thrust belt, tight sandstone gas reservoir and bedrock-volcanic rock gas reservoir. By applying the advanced geological theory and the recent exploration progress, as well as the basic gas accumulation conditions, main controlling factors for gas enrichment of different types of gas reservoir in China are systematically summarized from the aspect of key geological factors controlling hydrocarbon accumulation, so as to guide onshore gas exploration in the next step. The results show that: The marine carbonate gas reservoir is controlled by high-quality source rocks, widely developed reservoir and large-scale trap; The gas reservoir in foreland thrust belt is controlled by high-quality source rocks, reservoir-cap rock assemblage and structural trap; The tight sandstone gas reservoir is controlled by tectonic settings, pattern of reservoir-cap rock assemblage and reservoir distribution; While the bedrock-volcanic rock gas reservoir is controlled by gas generation sag, reservoir type and gas transport system. In addition, the enrichment laws of large gas fields are summarized: (1) The macro distribution of gas reservoir is determined by highquality source rocks, and large-scale gas reservoirs are generally distributed in source kitchen and its periphery; (2) The high-quality reservoirs have diversified types and are widely distributed, which significantly control the enrichment of natural gas; (3) The multi-stage cap rock deposited in stable tectonic period is a key factor for multi-stage gas accumulation; (4) The favorable area for gas accumulation is controlled by the current tectonic framework. The results indicate that the key exploration zones of different types of gas reservoirs in the next step should be focused in Sichuan Basin, Ordos Basin and Tarim Basin.

中图分类号:

TE112

李剑, 曾旭, 田继先, 佘源琦, 程宏岗, 谢武仁. 中国陆上大气田成藏主控因素及勘探方向[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2021, 26(6): 1-20.

Li Jian, Zeng Xu, Tian Jixian, She Yuanqi, Cheng Honggang, Xie Wuren. Main controlling factors of gas accumulation and exploration target of large onshore gas fields in China[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021, 26(6): 1-20.

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